"The Four-Tusked Elephant" is a research based essay that sheds light on the procedure of scientific discovery, high adventure and single minded pursuit of truth. catur viSaaNair dviradaiH triviSaaNaiH tathaiva ca | Ramayana is a Hindu epic written by Valmiki (time written: still no general consensus, but definitely before Buddha's period) which mentions the story of Ram, who is considered as a God incarnate by the Hindus, many of whom claim it to be a true story thus (some exclude the 'magical stuff' mentioned in it). Jatayu attained Mokhsha at this place with the help of Lord Rama who uttered Le Pakshi which means fly bird in Telugu. In school, you’re taught a lesson and then given a test. Skull fossils of an animal related to todays elephant species that had four ivory tusks instead of two are currently exhibited at the Geology Museum in Bandung, West Java. The next coincidence occurred when Denis was despondently driving back to his camp and caught sight of something white in a ditch just beyond the administrator's office. These elephants are tall and imposing and have been trained to protect Lanka from invaders. They identified tusks from 17 unrelated elephant herds, only four of which they could confirm still exist today. Also in Puranas, Indra, the King of Devas (Gods) is said to be travelling on a white elephant called Airavata, which has multiple heads with 4 tusks for each. vaaji heSita samghuSTam naaditam bhuuSaNaiH tathaa || 5-4-26 Then the writer asked with pigmies, the inhabitants of Iturbi forest and got answer that they had seen it directly.They claimed that it was certain to exist. 5,100 Most had four tusks, and their retracted facial and nasal bones prompt paleontologists to believe that gomphotheres had elephant-like trunks. One, including animals such as Anancus, developed the short lower jaw typical of modern elephants, while the others, including Platybelodon, developed the lower jaw into an elongated ‘shovel‘, and shortened the upper jaw. In Valmiki Ramayan, Sundar Kanda [4.27.12] states that Hanuman, on entering Lanka, sees FOUR-TUSKED elephants guarding the palaces of Ravan. In the Valmiki Ramayana, Sundara-Kanda (or Book 5), Chapter 4, verse 27, [Gita Press, Gorakhpur, India] it explains that when Hanuman first approached Ravana’s palace, he saw the doorways surrounded by horses and chariots, palanquins and aerial cars, beautiful horses and elephants, nay, with four-tusked elephants decked with jewels resembling masses of white clouds. parikSiptam asambaadham rakSyamaaNam udaayudhaiH || 5-9-5. In life, you’re given a test that teaches you a lesson.“, 2nd Semester Drive || Kathmandu University || Complete Notes || Assignments and Solutions, 1st Semester || Kathmandu University || (Engineering)Notes || Assignments and Solutions. Even the Ram-Setu or Adam’s Bridge is supposed to be built around same time. In 1533, the Bom Jesus—a Portuguese trading vessel carrying 40 tons of cargo including gold, silver, copper and more than 100 elephant tusks—sank … The early gomphotheres, such as Phiomia, had elongated upper and lower jaws, with relatively short tusks. He saw Putnam talking to the pygmies about the four-tusked elephant. Floating stone in Rameshwaram In Rameshwaram there are stones actually rocks which float in water. It really starts from the educated guess. Translation : The great Hanuma entered secretly Ravana’s inner city which was equal to paradise, rendered noisy by neighing of horses and tinkling of ornaments, by chariots, vehicles and aerial-cars and decorated by auspicious elephants and horses and great elephants with four tusks and by birds and animals in heat. ‘ In the Valmiki Ramayana, Sundara-Kanda (or Book 5), Chapter 4, verse 27, [Gita Press, Gorakhpur, India] it explains that when Hanuman first approached Ravana’s palace, he saw the doorways surrounded by horses and chariots, palanquins and aerial cars, beautiful horses and elephants, nay, with four-tusked elephants decked with jewels resembling masses of white clouds. But most often, it is the coincidence that guides the path to reach the goal when hard work and dedication wither away or aren't sufficient. Most often, one or few strokes of coincidences is involved in great discoveries and inventions. Gomphotheres differed from elephants in their tooth structure, particularly the chewing surfaces on the molar teeth. On close observation he found that it was the skull of a fully grown elephant. On the top of the mountain was a very big white elephant with four tusks. Coincidences play an important role in determining the success or failure of a mission. The Four-Tusked Elephant – Armond Denis, Belgium (1896-1971) Literal Comprehension. Science 24 Oct 1919: Vol. aasasaadaatha lakshmiivaan raakshasendraniveshanam || 5-9-4 Literal Comprehension: Belgian writer and scientist Armand Denishas written this story "The Four-Tusked Elephant" while the writer was in Africa, Putnam and Texan were with him. Due to the second coincidence, Armand Denis finally got one of the proof to verify his hypothesis. If we work out the time then Ramayana occurred between 0.87 million years and 2.2 million years before the present. It had beautiful entrances and was protected by thousands of rakshasas with great strength. I agree with you. The straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) is an extinct species of elephant that inhabited Europe and Western Asia during the Middle and Late Pleistocene (781,000–30,000 years before present).Recovered individuals have reached up to 4–4.2 metres (13.1–13.8 ft) in height, and an estimated 11.3–15 tonnes (11.1–14.8 long tons; 12.5–16.5 short tons) in weight. If I have used artwork that belongs to you but have neglected to credit it this will just be because I was unable to find one. He also wrote to the warehouse where the four tusks were sent to send them to him at a greater price through post office at Butembo. But only coincidences led his quest to completion by providing required proof and motivation. Also, according to Vedas and Puranas, Dwapara Yuga lasted for 864,000 years, Treta Yuga lasted for 1,296,000 years before Kali Yuga started. Modern anthropologists say that elephants with four tusks existed 12-1.6 million years ago. The narrator was camping in Congo with the two people, Putnam and Texan. bhuuSitam rucira dvaaram mattaiH ca mR^iga pakSibhiH | Sundara Kanda (4-27) mentions Hanuman saw a white four tusked elephant in Lanka. Recently scientists discovered the fossils of four tusked elephants which confirms that the animals mentioned in Ramayana are not imaginary. There, some Belgian sellers were talking in Flemish, the language he was familiar with as a child, about the four tusked elephant. But after few months, the first coincidence occurred when  he revisited the Pygmy's country and stayed at a hotel in a place called Butembo. ———— Four tusked elephants 1,296,000 The place is called as lepakshi and also contains the footprints of Lord Hanuman. 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